USDA/CFSA
如何保护婴儿远离李斯特菌
（本材料选自网络，仅供学习、参考、收藏 ）
单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌是一种人畜共患病的病原菌。它能引起人、畜的李氏特菌病，感染后主要表现为败血症、脑膜炎和单核细胞增多。它广泛存在于自然界中，食品中存在的单增李氏菌对人类的安全具有危险，该菌在4℃的环境中仍可生长繁殖，是冷藏食品威胁人类健康的主要病原菌之一。李斯特菌比常见的沙门氏菌和某些大肠杆菌更为致命。1999年底，美国发生了历史上因食用带有李斯特菌的食品而引发的最严重的食物中毒事件，据美国疾病控制和防治中心资料显示，在美国密歇根州有14人因食用被该菌污染的“热狗”和熟肉而死亡，在另外22个州97人患此病，6名妇女流产。
先看一下国家食品安全风险评估中心关于单增李斯特菌的宣传视频。
另外，美国农业部也就如果保护婴儿和成人远离李斯特菌，发布了针对性的安全建议，摘要如下供大家参考
Pregnant women are at higher risk of getting sick from Listeria monocytogenes, a harmful bacterium found in many foods. Listeria can cause a disease called Listeriosis that can result in miscarriage, premature delivery, serious sickness, or the death of a newborn baby. If you are pregnant, you need to know what foods are safe to eat.
Clean up spills in your refrigerator right away, especially juices from raw meat and poultry.
Clean the inside walls and shelves of your refrigerator with hot water and liquid soap.
Wash your hands for 20 seconds with soap and water after touching hot dogs, raw meat, poultry or seafood.
Keep raw meat, fish and poultry away from ready-to-eat foods.
Cook food to a safe minimum internal temperature. Check with a food thermometer and heat lunch meats until steaming.
Listeria can grow in the refrigerator. The refrigerator should be set to 40 ºF or lower and the freezer to 0 ºF or lower. Use a refrigerator thermometer to check the inside temperature.
Symptoms can include fever, fatigue, chills, headache, backache, general aches, upset stomach, abdominal pain and diarrhea.
Gastrointestinal symptoms may appear within a few hours to two to three days, and disease may appear two to six weeks after ingestion. The duration is variable.
Pregnant women are at higher risk and may develop problems with pregnancy that include miscarriage, fetal death or severe illness or death in newborns.
Every year an estimated 1,600 Americans become sick and 260 people die from Listeriosis.
Call your doctor, nurse or health clinic if you have any of these signs. If you have Listeriosis, your doctor can treat you.
Hot dogs, luncheon meats, bologna, or other deli meats unless they are reheated until steaming hot.
Refrigerated pâté, meat spreads from a meat counter, or smoked seafood found in the refrigerated section of the store. Foods that do not need refrigeration, like canned meat spreads, are okay to eat. Remember to refrigerate after opening.
Raw (unpasteurized) milk and foods that have unpasteurized milk in them.
Salads made in the store such as ham salad, chicken salad, egg salad, tuna salad or seafood salad.
Soft cheeses such as Feta, queso blanco, queso fresco, Brie, Camembert, blue-veined cheeses, and Panela unless it is labeled as “MADE WITH PASTEURIZED MILK.”
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